Evaluation of EDM inclusion into the conventional polishing of printed Co-Cr alloy by selective laser melting / Avaliação da inclusão de EDM no polimento convencional da liga de Co-Cr impressa por fusão seletiva a laser

Objective: The selective laser melting (SLM) technique used in manufacturing results in a rougher surface that requires more satisfying processing than conventional hand-finishing operations. The electro discharge machine (EDM) has various possibilities in the adjustment of surfaces. The present study assesses whether the participation of the EDM technique with the conventional finishing and polishing methods enables surface improvement for the Cobalt-Chromium alloy fabricated by SLM. Material and Methods: Twenty discs of cobalt chromium alloy were fabricated by SLM, divided equally into two groups: (TF) control group for finishing and polishing in the conventional method in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations; and (EF) group for conducting polishing incorporating the EDM method. Results: The EF group recorded the lowest mean value of surface roughness and the highest mean value of micro hardness compared to the TF group. Furthermore, statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) were found for surface roughness as well as micro hardness. Conclusion: Reliance of the electric discharge machine proactively within finishing and polishing procedures promotes competence in the conventional polishing method and improves the surface properties of cobalt chromium alloy printed by SLM technology (AU)

Objetivo: A técnica de fusão a laser seletiva (SLM) usada na fabricação resulta em uma superfície mais rugosa a qual requer um processamento mais satisfatório do que o acabamento manual. A máquina de eletro descarga (EDM) possui várias possibilidades no ajuste de superfícies. O presente estudo avalia se a participação da técnica EDM associada aos métodos convencionais de acabamento e polimento possibilita a melhora da superfície da liga Cobalto-Cromo fabricada através da SLM. Material e Métodos: Vinte discos de liga de cromo-cobalto foram confeccionados por SLM, e divididos igualmente em dois grupos: (TF) grupo controle, realizado acabamento e polimento pelo método convencional de acordo com as recomendações do fabricante; e (EF) grupo do polimento associado ao método EDM. Resultados: O grupo EF registrou o menor valor médio de rugosidade superficial e o maior valor médio de microdureza em relação ao grupo TF. Além disso, diferenças estatisticamente significativas (P < 0,05) foram encontradas para rugosidade superficial, assim como para a microdureza. Conclusão: A confiança na máquina de descarga elétrica proativamente nos procedimentos de acabamento e polimento promove a competência no método de polimento convencional e melhora as propriedades de superfície da liga de cromo-cobalto impressa pela tecnologia SLM(AU)

Effects of different finishing/polishing protocols and systems for monolithic zirconia on surface topography, phase transformation, and biofilm formation

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of various protocols and systems for finishing and polishing monolithic zirconia on surface topography, phase transformation, and bacterial adhesion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three hundred monolithic zirconia specimens were fabricated and then treated with three finishing and polishing systems (Jota [JO], Meisinger [ME], and Edenta [ED]) using four surface treatment protocols: coarse finishing alone (C); coarse finishing and medium polishing (CM); coarse finishing and fine polishing (CF); and coarse finishing, medium polishing, and fine polishing (CMF). Surface roughness, crystal phase transformation, and bacterial adhesion were evaluated using atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and streptococcal biofilm formation assay, respectively. One-way and two-way analysis of variance with Tukey post hoc tests were used to analyze the results (α=.05). RESULTS: In this study, the surface treatment protocols and systems had significant effects on the resulting roughness. The CMF protocol produced the lowest roughness values, followed by CM and CF. Use of the JO system produced the lowest roughness values and the smallest biofilm mass, while the ME system produced the smallest partial transformation ratio. The ED group exhibited the highest roughness values, biofilm mass, and partial transformation ratio. CONCLUSION: Stepwise surface treatment of monolithic zirconia, combined with careful polishing system selection, is essential to obtaining optimal microstructural and biological surface results.

Effects of different surface finishing protocols for zirconia on surface roughness and bacterial biofilm formation

PURPOSE: Surface finishing of a zirconia restoration is essential after clinical adjustment. Herein, we investigated the effects of a surface finishing protocol for monolithic zirconia on final roughness and bacterial adherence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-eight disk-shaped monolithic zirconia specimens were fabricated and divided into four groups (n = 12) based on initial surface treatment, finishing, and polishing protocols: diamond bur+polishing bur (DP group), diamond bur+stone grinding bur+polishing bur (DSP group), no diamond bur+polishing bur (NP group), and no diamond bur+stone grinding bur+polishing bur (NSP group). Initial and final surface roughness was measured with a profilometer, and shown using scanning electron microscope. Bacterial adhesion was evaluated by quantifying Streptococcus mutans in the biofilm. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare results among groups, and two-way analysis of variance was used to evaluate the effects of grinding burs on final roughness (α=.05). RESULTS: The DP group had the highest final Ra value, followed by the DSP, NP, and NSP groups. Use of the stone grinding bur as a coarse-finishing step significantly decreased final Ra values when a diamond bur was used (P < .001). Omission of the stone grinding bur increased biofilm formation on specimen surfaces. Combining a stone grinding bur with silicone polishing burs produced the smallest final biofilm values, regardless of the use of a diamond bur in initial surface treatment. CONCLUSION: Coarse finishing of monolithic zirconia with a stone grinding bur significantly decreased final Ra values and bacterial biofilm formation when surfaces had been roughened by a diamond bur.

Análise comparativa da rugosidade superficialde resinas compostas de alta densidade / Comparative analysis of the superficialroughness of high-density composite resins

Introdução: Com o sucesso alcançado com a utilização das resinascompostas em dentes anteriores, prontamente se iniciou o seu empregona região posterior. Contudo a aplicação indiscriminada dessesmateriais em cavidades das mais variadas amplitudes rapidamentedenunciou sua falta de resistência ao desgaste oclusal e proximal.Objetivo: Analisar a rugosidade superficial de resinas compostas emfunção da técnica de acabamento e polimento. Material e métodos:Foram confeccionados oito grupos experimentais (n = 15), divididosde acordo com a técnica de acabamento ou polimento: G1 ? resinacomposta Z250TM sem acabamento ou polimento superficial; G2? Z250TM com acabamento e polimento superficial; G3 ? resina P60TMsem acabamento nem polimento superficial; G4 ? resina P60TM comacabamento e polimento superficial; G5 ? resina Prodigy CondensableTM sem acabamento ou polimento superficial; G6 ? resina ProdigyCondensableTM com acabamento e polimento superficial; G7 ? resinaSurefillTM sem acabamento nem polimento superficial; G8 ? resinaSurefillTM com acabamento e polimento superficial. Empregaram-setrês resinas compostas compactáveis e uma micro-híbrida (grupocontrole). A rugosidade superficial foi avaliada por meio de um aparelhode rugosímetro em três pontos em cada amostra. Submeteram-seos resultados a análise de variância e ao teste de Tukey (p < 0,05).Resultados: A resina composta Prodigy CondensableTM apresentoumenor rugosidade superficial, enquanto a SurefillTM mostrou maiorrugosidade superficial. Na comparação entre as resinas não houvediferença estatística significante apenas entre a P60TM e a SurefillTM(p ? 0,05). Conclusão: A rugosidade superficial foi menor em todos ostipos de resina composta com a matriz de poliéster em comparação àssuperfícies obtidas após o procedimento de acabamento e polimento.

Introduction: The success achieved by the use of composite resins inanterior teeth precipitately leads their use in posterior teeth. However,the indiscriminate application of these materials in cavities with severaldiverse sizes rapidly pointed out their lack of resistance to oclusaland proximal wear. Objective: To evaluate the surface roughnessof composite resin in relation to finishing and polishing technique.Material and methods: Eight experimental groups (n = 15) were dividedaccording to finishing and polishing technique: G1 ? Z250TM compositeresin without surface finishing and polishing; G2 ? Z250TM compositeresin plus surface finishing and polishing; G3 ? P60TM composite resinwithout surface finishing and polishing; G4 ? P60TM composite resinplus surface finishing and polishing; G5 ? Prodigy CondensableTMcomposite resin without surface finishing and polishing; G6 ? ProdigyCondensableTM composite resin plus surface finishing and polishing;G7 ? SurefillTM composite resin without surface finishing and polishing;G8 ? SurefillTM composite resin plus surface finishing and polishing.Three packable and one microhybrid (control group) composite resinwas used. The surface roughness was measured using a profilometerat three points in each sample. The results were evaluated by ANOVAand Tukey test (p < 0.05). Results: Prodigy CondensableTM compositeresin showed the lowest surface roughness, while SurefillTM showed thehighest surface roughness. Comparing the resins used, only betweenP60TM and SurefillTM there were no statistically significant differences(p ? 0.05). Conclusion: Surface roughness was lower in all types ofresin composites surfaces in contact with Mylar matrix strip than inareas submitted to finishing and polishing procedure.